A3et

Hugo Capet

Persondiagram

Forældre

Fader Fødselsdato Moder Fødselsdato
Hugh The Great Hedwig of Saxony

Partnere

Partner Fødselsdato Børn
Adelaide of Poitiers 945 Dulce Berenguer Af Barcelona og Aragonia

Personbegivenheder

Begivenhedstype Dato Sted Beskrivelse
Fødsel 940
Død 996

Slægtskabsrapport

Navn Art Fødselssted Fødselsdato Dødssted Dødsdato
Partner
Adelaide of Poitiers Kvindelig partner eller ægtehustru 945 1004
Børn
Dulce Berenguer Af Barcelona og Aragonia Datter 1192 1198
Forældre
Hedwig of Saxony Moder
Hugh The Great Fader
Oldebørn
Konge Christoffer I Oldesøn 1219 1259
Tipoldebørn
Erik Klippinge Tipoldesøn 1249 1286
Tiptipoldebørn
Konge Christoffer II Tiptipoldesøn 1276 Lolland 02.08.1332
Tip3-oldebørn
Erik Christoffersen Løvenbalk Tip3-oldesøn
Tip4-oldebørn
Johan Eriksen Tip4-oldesøn
Niels Eriksen Banner Tip4-oldesøn
Margrethe Eriksdatter Løvenbalk Tip4-oldedatter 1322 1350
Niels Eriksen Løvenbalk Tip4-oldesøn Aunsbjerg Herregård Sjørslev, Aunsbjerg, Viborg, Danmark 1331 Aunsbjerg Herregård Sjørslev, Aunsbjerg, Viborg, Danmark 1377
Tip5-oldebørn
Anne Nielsdatter Banner Tip5-oldedatter Vinstrup 1475
Jens Nielsen Løvenbalk Tip5-oldersøn Aunsbjerg Herregård Sjørslev, Aunsbjerg, Viborg, Danmark 1344 Aunsbjerg Herregård Sjørslev, Aunsbjerg, Viborg, Danmark 1438
Tip6-oldebørn
Ellen Jensdatter Tip6-oldedatter
Ellen Pedersdatter Skram Tip6-oldedatter
Erik Jensen Tip6-oldesøn Aunsbjerg Herregård Sjørslev, Aunsbjerg, Viborg, Danmark
Gjertrud Jensdatter Tip6-oldesøn
Maren Jensdatter Tip6-oldedatter Aunsbjerg Herregård Sjørslev, Aunsbjerg, Viborg, Danmark
Margrethe Jensdatter Tip6-oldedatter
Mogens Jensen Løvenbalk Tip6-oldesøn Aunsbjerg Herregård Sjørslev, Aunsbjerg, Viborg, Danmark 1400 Sjørslev, Aunsbjerg, Viborg, Danmark 1441
Fjern efterslægt
Anne Kaas 11th granddaughter
Jens Lauridsen Løvenbalk 9th grandson 29.04.1538
Jørgen Lauridsen Løvenbalk 9th grandson Tjele Gods, Viborg, Danmark 1532
Karen Thøgersdatter 14th granddaughter
Knud Lauridsen Løvenbalk 9th grandson Tjele Gods, Viborg, Danmark 1529
Maren Lauridsdatter Løvenbalk 9th granddaughter Tjele Gods, Viborg, Danmark
Mogens Lauridsen Løvenbalk 9th grandson 1536
Svend / Jens Rød 11th grandson
Laurids Mogensen Løvenbalk 8th grandson Aunsbjerg Herregård Sjørslev, Aunsbjerg, Viborg, Danmark 1454 Tjele Gods, Viborg, Danmark 1500
Jens Nielsen Kaas 8th grandson 1477 Taarupgaard 1519
Thøger Jensen Løvenbalk Broder Thøger 10th grandson Tjele Gods, Viborg, Danmark 1490 1542
Niels Jensen Kaas 9th grandson 1505 1534
Bjørn Kaas 10th grandson Staarup Hovedgaard 1518 Bygholm 26.03.1581
Peder Thøgersen Løvenbalk 11th grandson Viborg, Viborg, Danmark 1532 03.05.1595
Else Pedersdatter 12th granddaughter 1559 1591
Else Pedersdatter Løvenbalk 12th granddaughter Viborg, Viborg, Danmark 1559
Birthe Mouridsdatter 12th granddaughter 1565 1600
Thøger Jacobsen Holm 13th grandson Viborg, Viborg, Danmark 1579 Ramme, Ringsted, Danmark 1630
Peder Jacobsen Holm 13th grandson 1585 1639
Anne Jensdatter 13th granddaughter 1586 1649
Jacob Jacobsen Holm 13th grandson Viborg, Viborg, Danmark 1587 Nykøbing, Lodderuo, Viborg, Danmark 1663
Kirsten Jacobsen Holm 13th granddaughter Viborg, Viborg, Danmark 1590 1653
Else Jacobsen Holm 13th granddaughter Viborg, Viborg, Danmark 1591
Gertrud Nielsdatter 14th granddaughter 1606 1668
Anne Thøgersdatter 14th granddaughter Skyum, Thisted, Danmark 1607
Chatrine Thøgersdatter Holm 14th granddaughter Skyum, Thisted, Danmark 1610
Anne Pedersdatter Holm 14th granddaughter 1630 1677
Bedsteforældre
Béatrice of Vermandois Bedstemoder
Henry the Fowler Bedstefader
King Robert I of France Bedstefader
Matilda of Ringelheim Bedstemoder
Svigersønner & -døtre
Konge af Portugal Sancho I Svigersøn 1211
Børnebørn
Anne Joachimsdatter Flemming 8th granddaughter-in-law
Dronning Margrethe Sambria af Pommeren Oldesvigerdatter
Else Svendsdatter Udson Tip6-oldesvigerdatter
Erik Skram 9th grandson-in-law
Maria Nielsdatter Arctand 13th granddaughter-in-law
Peder Jacobsen Holst 14th grandson-in-law
Søren Christensen Bhie 13th granddaughter-in-law Ingstrup, Hjørring, Danmark
Thomas Christensen Mumme 13th grandson-in-law
Ukendt Tip5-oldesvigerdatter
Berengaria af Portugel Sønne-/datterdatter 1195 1221
Anne Pedersdatter 10th granddaughter-in-law 1510
Jacob Jensen Holm 12th grandson-in-law Viborg, Viborg, Danmark 1543 Ålborg, Fleskum Herred, Ålborg, Danmark 29.04.1609
Mette Christoffersdatter Bang 13th granddaughter-in-law Skyum, Thisted, Danmark 1565
Niels Andersen Schytte 14th grandson-in-law Tostrup, Roum, Ålborg, Danmark 1608 Vestervig, Thisted, Danmark 1676
Rubech Christensen Humble 14th grandson-in-law 1610 1673

Notater

Hugh Capet[1] (c. 940 – 24 October 996) was the first King of France of the eponymous Capetian dynasty from his election to succeed the Carolingian Louis V in 987 until his death.

Descent and inheritance

The son of Hugh the Great, Duke of France, and Hedwige of Saxony, daughter of the German king Henry the Fowler, Hugh was born about 940. His paternal family, the Robertians, were powerful landowners in the Île-de-France. His grandfather had been King Robert I and his grandmother Beatrice was a Carolingian, a daughter of Herbert I of Vermandois. King Odo was his great uncle and King Rudolph Odo's son-in-law. Hugh was born into a well-connected and powerful family with many ties to the reigning nobility of Europe.[2] But for all this, Hugh's father was never king. When Rudolph died in 936, Hugh the Great organized the return of Louis d'Outremer, son of Charles the Simple, from his exile at the court of Athelstan of England. Hugh's motives are unknown, but it is presumed that he acted to forestall Rudolph's brother and successor as Duke of Burgundy, Hugh the Black from taking the French throne, or to prevent it from falling into the grasping hands of Herbert II of Vermandois or William Longsword, Duke of Normandy[3].

In 956, Hugh inherited his father's estates and became one of the most powerful nobles in the much-reduced West Frankish kingdom. However, as he was not yet an adult, his uncle Bruno, Archbishop of Cologne, acted as regent. Young Hugh's neighbours made the most of the opportunity. Theobald I of Blois, a former vassal of Hugh the Great, took the counties of Chartres and Châteaudun. Further south, on the border of the kingdom, Fulk II of Anjou, another former client of Hugh the Great, carved out a principality at Hugh's expense and that of the Bretons.[4]

The realm in which Hugh died, and of which he would one day be king, bore no resemblance to modern France. Hugh's predecessors did not call themselves rois de France ("Kings of France"), and that title was not used until the time of his distant descendant Philip the Fair (died 1314). Kings ruled as rex Francorum ("King of the Franks") and the lands over which they ruled comprised only a very small part of the former Carolingian Empire. The eastern Frankish lands, the Holy Roman Empire, were ruled by the Ottonian dynasty, represented by Hugh's first cousin Otto II and then by Otto's son, Otto III. The lands south of the river Loire had largely ceased to be part of the West Frankish kingdom in the years after Charles the Simple was deposed in 922. The Duchy of Normandy and the Duchy of Burgundy were largely independent, and Brittany entirely so, although from 956 Burgundy was ruled by Hugh's brothers Odo and Henry.[5]


Election and extent of power

From 977 to 986, Hugh Capet allied himself with the German emperors Otto II and Otto III and with Archbishop Adalberon of Reims to dominate the Carolingian king, Lothair. By 986, he was king in all but name. After Lothair and his son died in early 987, Adalberon and Gerbert of Aurillac convened an assembly of nobles to elect Hugh Capet as their king. In front of an electoral assembly at Senlis, Adalberon gave a stirring oration and pleaded to the nobles:

Crown the Duke. He is most illustrious by his exploits, his nobility, his forces. The throne is not acquired by hereditary right; no one should be raised to it unless distinguished not only for nobility of birth, but for the goodness of his soul.[citation needed]
He was elected and crowned rex Francorum at Noyon in Picardy on 3 July 987, by the prelate of Reims, the first of the Capetian house. Immediately after his coronation, Hugh began to push for the coronation of his son Robert. Hugh's own claimed reason was that he was planning an expedition against the Moorish armies harassing Borrel II of Barcelona, an invasion which never occurred, and that the stability of the country necessitated two kings should he die while on expedition.[6] Ralph Glaber, however, attributes Hugh's request to his old age and inability to control the nobility.[7] Modern scholarship has largely imputed to Hugh the motive of establishing a dynasty against the pretension of electoral power on the part of the aristocracy, but this is not the typical view of contemporaries and even some modern scholars have been less sceptical of Hugh's "plan" to campaign in Spain.[8] Robert was eventually crowned on 25 December that same year.



10th century West Francia (France).
Hugh Capet possessed minor properties near Chartres and Angers. Between Paris and Orléans he possessed towns and estates amounting to approximately 400 square miles (1,000 km²). His authority ended there, and if he dared travel outside his small area, he risked being captured and held for ransom, though, as God's anointed, his life was largely safe. Indeed, there was a plot in 993, masterminded by Adalberon, Bishop of Laon and Odo I of Blois, to deliver Hugh Capet into the custody of Otto III. The plot failed, but the fact that no one was punished illustrates how tenuous his hold on power was. Beyond his power base, in the rest of France, there were still as many codes of law as there were fiefdoms. The "country" operated with 150 different forms of currency and at least a dozen languages.[citation needed] Uniting all this into one cohesive unit was a formidable task and a constant struggle between those who wore the crown of France and its feudal lords. As such, Hugh Capet's reign was marked by numerous power struggles with the vassals on the borders of the Seine and the Loire.

While Hugh Capet's military power was limited and he had to seek military aid from Richard I of Normandy, his unanimous election as king gave him great moral authority and influence. Adémar de Chabannes records, probably apocryphally, that during an argument with the Count of Auvergne, Hugh demanded of him: "Who made you count?" The count riposted: "Who made you king?"[9].


[edit]Dispute with the papacy

Hugh made Arnulf Archbishop of Reims in 988, even though Arnulf was the nephew of his bitter rival, Charles of Lorraine. Charles thereupon succeeded in capturing Reims and took the archbishop prisoner. Hugh, however, considered Arnulf a turncoat and demanded his deposition by Pope John XV. The turn of events outran the messages, when Hugh captured both Charles and Arnulf and convoked a synod at Reims in June 991, which obediently deposed Arnulf and chose as his successor Gerbert of Aurillac. These proceedings were repudiated by Rome, although a second synod had ratified the decrees issued at Reims. John XV summoned the French bishops to hold an independent synod outside the King's realm, at Aachen, to reconsider the case. When they refused, he called them to Rome, but they protested that the unsettled conditions en route and in Rome made that impossible. The Pope then sent a legate with instructions to call a council of French and German bishops at Mousson, where only the German bishops appeared, the French being stopped on the way by Hugh and Robert.

Through the exertions of the legate, the deposition of Arnulf was finally pronounced illegal. After Hugh's death, Arnulf was released from his imprisonment and soon restored to all his dignities.


[edit]Legacy

Hugh Capet died on 24 October 996 in Paris and was interred in the Saint Denis Basilica. His son Robert continued to reign.

Most historians regard the beginnings of modern France with the coronation of Hugh Capet. This is because, as Count of Paris, he made the city his power centre. The monarch began a long process of exerting control of the rest of the country from there.

He is regarded as the founder of the Capetian dynasty. The direct Capetians, or the House of Capet, ruled France from 987 to 1328; thereafter, the Kingdom was ruled by collateral branches of the dynasty. All French kings through Louis Philippe, and all royal pretenders since then, have belonged to the dynasty. As of 2008, members of the Capetian dynasty are still the heads of state of the kingdom of Spain (in the person of the Bourbon Juan Carlos) and of the grand-duchy of Luxembourg, making it the oldest continuously reigning dynasty in the world.


[edit]Ancestry

[show] v • d • eAncestors of Hugh Capet

[edit]Marriage and issue

Hugh Capet married Adelaide, daughter of William Towhead, Count of Poitou. Their children are as follows:

Robert II, who became king after the death of his father
Hedwig, or Hathui, who married Reginar IV, Count of Hainaut
Gisela, or Gisele
A number of other daughters are less reliably attested.[

Medier

Billeder

210px-Hugues_capet.jpg

Historie

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